PEDIATRICS Vol. 102 No. 2 August 1998, pp. 291-295
Detection of Rhinovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Coronavirus Infections in Acute Otitis Media by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Received Dec 4, 1997; accepted Feb 3, 1998.
,,
, and
From the * Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of
Virginia, Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia; the
Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and § Bacteriology and
Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and the
Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University
of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo,
Brazil.
Objective. To determine the frequencies of human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and coronavirus (HCV) infection in children with acute otitis media (AOM).
Methods. Middle ear fluids (MEF) collected by tympanocentesis and nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) at the time of the AOM diagnosis were examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for HRV, RSV, and HCV RNA.
Patients. Ninety-two children aged 3 months to 7 years during a 1-year period.
Results. Virus RNA was detected in a total of 69 children (75%) and in 44 MEF samples (48%) and 57 NPA samples (62%) at the time of AOM diagnosis. HRV RNA was detected in both MEF and NPA in 18 (20%), in MEF alone in 4 (4%), and in NPA alone in 10 (11%). RSV was detected in both MEF and NPA in 12 (13%), in MEF alone in 5 (5%), and in NPA alone in 9 (10%). HCV RNA was detected in both MEF and NPA in 5 (5%), in MEF alone in 2 (2%), and in NPA alone in 9 (10%). Dual viral infections were detected in 5% of children. HRV and RSV were detected simultaneously in 2 MEF samples and in 2 NPA samples; RSV and HCV were detected in 1 NPA sample. Bacterial pathogens were detected in 56 (62%) MEF from 91 children. Viral RNA was detected in 20 (57%) MEF of 35 bacteria-negative and in 25 (45%) of 56 bacteria-positive MEF samples. No important differences in the risk of treatment failure, relapse, or occurrence of late secretory otitis media were noted between children with virus-positive and virus-negative MEF aspirates.
Conclusion. These findings highlight the importance of common respiratory viruses, particularly HRV and RSV, in predisposing to and causing AOM in young children.
Key words: RT-PCR, acute otitis media, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  B. Winther, C. M. Alper, E. M. Mandel, W. J. Doyle, and J. O. Hendley Temporal Relationships Between Colds, Upper Respiratory Viruses Detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Otitis Media in Young Children Followed Through a Typical Cold Season Pediatrics, June 1, 2007; 119(6): 1069 - 1075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. K. P. Lau, W.-k. To, P. W. T. Tse, A. K. H. Chan, P. C. Y. Woo, H.-w. Tsoi, A. F. Y. Leung, K. S. M. Li, P. K. S. Chan, W. W. L. Lim, et al. Human Parainfluenza Virus 4 Outbreak and the Role of Diagnostic Tests J. Clin. Microbiol., September 1, 2005; 43(9): 4515 - 4521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Gitiban, J. A. Jurcisek, R. H. Harris, S. E. Mertz, R. K. Durbin, L. O. Bakaletz, and J. E. Durbin Chinchilla and Murine Models of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections with Respiratory Syncytial Virus J. Virol., May 15, 2005; 79(10): 6035 - 6042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Pettigrew and K. P. Fennie Genomic Subtraction Followed by Dot Blot Screening of Streptococcus pneumoniae Clinical and Carriage Isolates Identifies Genetic Differences Associated with Strains That Cause Otitis Media Infect. Immun., May 1, 2005; 73(5): 2805 - 2811. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D Kriesel and W. A Sibley The case for rhinoviruses in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis, February 1, 2005; 11(1): 1 - 4. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. N. M. Brouwer, A. R. Maille, M. M. Rovers, R. H. Veenhoven, D. E. Grobbee, E. A. M. Sanders, and A. G. M. Schilder Effect of Pneumococcal Vaccination on Quality of Life in Children With Recurrent Acute Otitis Media: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Pediatrics, February 1, 2005; 115(2): 273 - 279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Deffernez, W. Wunderli, Y. Thomas, S. Yerly, L. Perrin, and L. Kaiser Amplicon Sequencing and Improved Detection of Human Rhinovirus in Respiratory Samples J. Clin. Microbiol., July 1, 2004; 42(7): 3212 - 3218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-Y. Hong, R. T. Lin, E. S. Tan, P.-N. Chong, Y. S. Tan, Y.-J. Lew, and L.-H. Loo Acute respiratory symptoms in adults in general practice Fam. Pract., June 1, 2004; 21(3): 317 - 323. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media Pediatrics, May 1, 2004; 113(5): 1451 - 1465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D Kriesel, A. White, F. G Hayden, S L Spruance, and J. Petajan Multiple sclerosis attacks are associated with picornavirus infections Multiple Sclerosis, April 1, 2004; 10(2): 145 - 148. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Yeh, A. Collins, M. E. Cohen, P. K. Duffner, and H. Faden Detection of Coronavirus in the Central Nervous System of a Child With Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Pediatrics, January 1, 2004; 113(1): e73 - 76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. G. Hayden, R. B. Turner, J. M. Gwaltney, K. Chi-Burris, M. Gersten, P. Hsyu, A. K. Patick, G. J. Smith III, and L. S. Zalman Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Studies of Ruprintrivir Nasal Spray 2-Percent Suspension for Prevention and Treatment of Experimentally Induced Rhinovirus Colds in Healthy Volunteers Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., December 1, 2003; 47(12): 3907 - 3916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Heikkinen and T. Chonmaitree Importance of Respiratory Viruses in Acute Otitis Media Clin. Microbiol. Rev., April 1, 2003; 16(2): 230 - 241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. B. Greenberg Respiratory Consequences of Rhinovirus Infection Arch Intern Med, February 10, 2003; 163(3): 278 - 284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Paradise A 15-Month-Old Child With Recurrent Otitis Media JAMA, November 27, 2002; 288(20): 2589 - 2598. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. O. Hendley Otitis Media N. Engl. J. Med., October 10, 2002; 347(15): 1169 - 1174. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Winther, F. G. Hayden, E. Arruda, R. Dutkowski, P. Ward, and J. O. Hendley Viral Respiratory Infection in Schoolchildren: Effects on Middle Ear Pressure Pediatrics, May 1, 2002; 109(5): 826 - 832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Giebink The Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease in Children N. Engl. J. Med., October 18, 2001; 345(16): 1177 - 1183. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N.M. CLARKE and J.T. MAY Effect of antimicrobial factors in human milk on rhinoviruses and milk-borne cytomegalovirus in vitro J. Med. Microbiol., August 1, 2000; 49(8): 719 - 723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Pitkaranta, F. G. Hayden, R. A.M.J. Damoiseaux, F. A.M. van Balen, T. J.M. Verheij, T. Heikkinen, T. Chonmaitree, and M. Thint Respiratory Viruses and Acute Otitis Media N. Engl. J. Med., June 24, 1999; 340(25): 2001 - 2002. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Heikkinen, M. Thint, and T. Chonmaitree Prevalence of Various Respiratory Viruses in the Middle Ear during Acute Otitis Media N. Engl. J. Med., January 28, 1999; 340(4): 260 - 264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
