PEDIATRICS Vol. 95 No. 4 April 1995, pp. 497-499
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Use of Pacifiers is Associated With Decreased Breast-Feeding Duration

Fernando C. Barros MD, PhD1, Cesar G. Victora MD, PhD1, Tereza Cristina Semer MD2, Santos Tonioli Filho MD3, Elaine Tomasi MSc1, and Elisabete Weiderpass MD, MSc1

1 Departmento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
2 Centro de Lactação, Guarujá, Brazil
3 Secretaria da Saúde, Guarujá, Brazil

Objective. To determine the relationship between pacifier use at 1 month of age to the duration of breast-feeding to 6 months of age.

Design. Longitudinal study of infants from birth to 6 months of age.

Population. Six hundred five rooming-in infants born at the largest hospital in Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil, during January and February 1993.

Main outcome measures. Prevalence of breast-feeding (exclusive, predominant, and complementary) at 1, 4, and 6 months of age.

Results. Relative risk for weaning between 1 and 6 months of age was 3.84 (95% confidence interval 2.65-5.50) for pacifier users at 1 month of age, compared with nonusers. When an adjustment was made for possible confounding variables through Cox regression analysis, the relative risk dropped to 2.87 (95% confidence interval 1.97-419).

Conclusion. Pacifier use is highly correlated with early weaning, even after controlling for possible confounders. Until it is determined if pacifier use is causally related to weaning or is a marker for other undetermined causes, pacifier use probably should not be recommended for breast-fed infants.

Submitted on February 14, 1994
Accepted on July 26, 1994




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